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KMID : 0985420220440020082
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Laboratory Medicine and Quality Assurance
2022 Volume.44 No. 2 p.82 ~ p.87
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Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Test Using Saliva and Anterior Nasal Swab Samples Compared with Conventional Nasopharyngeal Swab Samples
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Chang Jeong-Hyun
Lee Sung-Soon
Kim Deok-Hee
Kim Sol-Lip
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Abstract
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Background: As the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 continues, so does the need for molecular tests with simple, painless, and easy sample collection. We aimed to investigate the potential use of saliva and anterior nasal swab samples as a noninvasive and selfcollectable specimen for the molecular diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Methods: We prospectively collected the saliva, anterior nasal swab, and conventional nasopharyngeal swab samples at the same time of patients hospitalized in a public hospital from March 2021 to September 2021. Patients were assessed for symptoms, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on the samples. The results and cyclethresholds (Ct) of the three sample types were compared.
Results: Three types of samples per patient were collected, and a total of 135 samples were collected. The mean age of the patients was 39.5 years (range, 9?71 years). The positive rates were 82.2% for nasopharyngeal swab samples, 35.6% for anterior nasal swab samples, and 55.6% for saliva samples. No significant differences in the Ct values between samples (P =0.256) were observed when comparing only the sets which were positive in all three sample types. Using nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR as the reference standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the combined saliva and anterior nasal swab RT-PCR were 70.3% and 62.5%, respectively.
Conclusions: Saliva and anterior nasal swab samples could not be used as alternative samples for COVID-19 diagnosis. Further studies with a larger number of patients are needed in the future.
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KEYWORD
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SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Nasopharyngeal swab, Saliva, Anterior nasal swab
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